Series: Ark 2008 « — Struts and Frets: Kris Joseph
This entry is part 1 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

Okay, don’t hit me.  The title I picked is terrible.

I’d like to state up front that I plan to write daily about my experience with the National Arts Centre‘s Ark project, but I qualify that for this week, because I am also working on preparing for the next Zucchini Grotto cabaret.  It runs this Friday and Saturday night, so I am faced with some very long days and very little time to digest anything. So this week’s entries will be brief and scatterbrained.  Just like me.  I will capture my daily impressions as best I can, and I make no claims as to the accuracy of the the facts I present, since I am constantly interpolating and drawing ‘untested’ connections.

This is the third year of The Ark, which is a program that the English Theatre’s artistic director Peter Hinton brought in as an exploration and development component.  It’s difficult to sum up what The Ark is or who it serves; it’s a more complex answer than I can give (there are several answers, in fact) and I’m not the best person to give it.  Some of the work that is done over the three weeks is used as input into possible productions for the NAC English Theatre’s subsequent season. Some of the work is aimed at professional development, akin to how people in all sorts of other “9-to-5″ careers pursue regular skills development training.  And there are other angles. The working group numbers over 40 this year, and The Ark is dedicated to the life and work of Bertolt Brecht.  Participants include the second-year acing class from the National Theatre School, a group of professional actors (of amazing pedigree, generally, and I’m honored and privileged to be part of that contingent), designers, playwrights, dramaturges, and directors, with input from other scholars and interested people.

The group meets six days a week, for full working days.  Generally, mornings are spent looking at historical aspects of Brecht’s life, his times, his world view and topics related to his work; afternoons are spent lifting his plays, poems and musicals off the page.  There is much discussion and sharing: such a diverse group of people brings a tremendous range of background and experience to the table.

I look at The Ark as a terrific professional development opportunity.  I have not had significant exposure to Brecht’s work, but am very interested in the infamous “alienation effect” (audiences should not be asked to forget they are seeing theatre), Brecht’s responses to the politics of his time, his approach to creation and collaboration, and his fascination with technology as a storytelling medium.  In addition, so much of the pre-World War II world picture seems so relevant and timely today; I’m fascinated by the parallels between then and now.

So.  Today was the first day, and we spent some time getting to know each other before getting a brief introduction to the world of Germany in Brecht’s early life (he was born in 1898 and fled Germany one day after the Reichstag building was burned down, in 1933.  The Nazis revoked his citizenship and burned his books in 1935, while he was abroad).  There is so much more nuance and diversity to the digest version of events we store in our heads, and though I say this with respect to complex and fascinating situation that led to the rise of the National Socialist party, I am reminded that this is something we all do to help digest the history of any age.  The image in my head of “pre-WW2 Germany” is one of very simple, broad strokes involving a grumpy failed painter and worthless currency… but it is the complexity of the “realistic” picture that, I think, provides insight into the question of how the Nazis managed to rise to power with the full support of so many

This afternoon, we read and discussed “Baal“, a play that Brecht wrote when he was 20.  The play is fascinating and I won’t talk about it much here — due to lack of time, the fact that I’m still processing it myself, and the fact that Wikipedia can help you if you are so inclined — but it’s astounding that such incredible poetry and insight was pouring out of a man who was so young and so newly-returned from the horror of working as a medic during the first world war.  The play strikes me as decidedly “un-Brechtian”, since it comes from a period before Brecht’s exploration and refinement of the theatrical form.  The play’s titular character reminded us of many “angry young rebels”, from Faustus to James Dean.

Tomorrow we will all be observing Remembrance Day ceremonies at the National War Monument.  I’m embarrassed to say that I’ve lived in Ottawa for more than a decade and this is the first time I will physically be at the memorial.  I expect it will be powerful.

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This entry is part 2 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

With three days to go until the next Zucchini Grotto cabaret, things are feeling quite under control.  In spite of a full day and a rehearsal, I got the stage manager’s script and cue sheet finished, finished the program and sent it to print, and redid all the trivia questions that I lost last night.  I even almost know all the lyrics to my songs.  Hell week may not be so hellish after all.  And I can write a bit about the day with The Ark.

Today was an odd day because it fell on November 11.  Given Brecht‘s connections to the first world war and the turmoil that led to the second world war, it seemed fitting that we spend the day immersed in Remembrance Day activity.

I have lived in Ottawa full-time since 1998 and today was the first day that I actually took part in the Remembrance Day service at the War Monument.  I got on the bus this morning and found myself next to a veteran who was riding downtown to the memorial.  I didn’t talk with him, despite the strong impulse to strike up a conversation.  He was wearing his medals on his jacket, and kept his beret folded neatly in his hands.  I wanted to ask him where and when he had served.  I would dearly have loved to look him in the eye and merely say “thank you”, but I could not muster the guts to do it.  My shyness won.  So I hung in limbo on the bus, observing a surreal tension between the solemn pilgrim to my left, and the bustling crowd of unprofound commuters to my right.

I have never been part of the military.  I can’t think of very many causes — military or otherwise — for which I would selflessly offer up my entire existence.  There have been a few items added to the list as I grow older, but I certainly wouldn’t have wanted to die for anything at age 18.  I think it behooves us to take time to reflect (towards any end) on the sacrifices of those who have made the commitment, or are forced to make the commitment.  It behooves us to look backwards and forwards; to observe the horror of what we’ve experienced and to acknowledge that we are never far from new horror.

I didn’t hold together terribly well on the bus as I wrestled with myself.  Nor did I hold together at the sheer power of thousands of people of all ages and stripes and affiliations standing vigil for two silent minutes after The Last Post; or at the end of the ceremony, when countless people spontaneously began gifting their red poppies to the tomb of the unknown soldier.

The Ark company moved from the war monument to the War Museum, where we were treated to a solid staged reading of an adaptation of Timothy Findley‘s The Wars.  This was a slimmed-down version of a full production that was done in Calgary and Vancouver last year, and while the play lost some theatricality in its strong connections to the literary source from whence it came, it was still raw and gritty and powerful.  I hope someone manages to get Famous Last Words to the stage one day.

We spent the rest of the day at the War Museum.  There is an exhibit on life in the trenches that I wanted to see, as well as a exhibit on eugenics (especially as practiced by the Third Reich in its struggle for racial perfection).  The eugenics exhibit was rather provocative (highly atypical of the War Museum, which seems to go out of its way to celebrate nationhood and avoid offending veterans), and went to great lengths to set a contextual understanding of the popularity of eugenics practices in the early 20th century.  it was very common and acceptable to think about sterilization as a means for eliminating ‘feeble’ people from a population, and I was surprised to see a copy of Tommy Douglas’ 1933 Master’s Thesis on display: the title of it is “The Problems of the Subnormal Family” (yes, Douglas fans — he reversed many of the opinions stated in his thesis later in life, especially after learning of the atrocities of WW2).  I found the trench exhibit far less interesting, because it managed to reduce one of the most horrifying aspects of the first world war to a series of colorful panels and cases full of trinkets.  For God’s sake, if you want to help me understand life in a trench, put me in one!  I was flabbergasted that a whole exhibit on trench life fostered less impact than the small stretch of actual trench featured in the museum’s permanent exhibit!

The company was supposed to gather at the end of the day to regroup and organize for tomorrow, but it didn’t really happen.  Reactions to the museum were diverse and ranged to extremes — perhaps magnified by the day itself, and by the context in which we’re working for these three weeks — and so the group disbanded without sharing its reactions.  Perhaps we’ll take a few minutes to do that in the morning; I think we should.

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This entry is part 3 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

With the echoes of Remembrance Day still reverberating, it was great to start the day with a little music.  Our musical director, Allen Cole, spent the first part of this morning working us through a couple of songs from Happy End, and with a company of 40 artists in the room it felt almost like working on a large-cast musical again. This is something I haven’t done in a very long time.  Singing brings me great joy (when I can do it freely, without being stymied by my occasional lack of confidence), and the sound of large numbers of people with voices raised in song is exquisite.

Brecht’s take on theatre — that people should never be unaware that they are watching a play and not Real Life — has given me a new bullet in my arsenal of reasons why musicals are awesome.  People often complain that “in the real world, people don’t just burst into song“: well, no they don’t.  And that’s the point.  Brecht believed that an audience couldn’t comment on a play if they were completely enveloped by it, but today’s entertainment (especially cinema) is rooted in absolute realism and the idea that we create impact by creating empathy with characters.  I’m sure that very strong cases can be made for both perspectves, but Brecht’s thoughts on the matter are quite clear, and it is surely one of the reasons why music plays such a huge role in his work.

But I digress.

After the music, we had a terrific introduction to “In the Jungle Of Cities” from Andrey Tarasiuk, who has a deep love for the piece.  The play was first written in 1922 but, like many Brecht plays, was rewritten numerous times and the version we are working with dates to 1927.  Mr. Tarasiuk was able to cite some incredible examples of how the play evolved between 1922 and 1927, and it’s clear that a great deal of intentional revision was done.  What was terrific about today’s approach was that it acknowledged the scope of a ‘work in progress’, which helped to illuminate Brecht as a playwright.  Shakespeare scholars, for example, exhaust themselves debating which “version” of Hamlet or Lear or Macbeth is the ‘definitive’ one, but the truth is that the Folio and First Quarto and Second Quarto versions of these plays probably reflect different stages of development in an author who was constantly revisiting and revising his work for production.  What a novel idea.

“In The Jungle of Cities” outlines a four-year fight, beginning in Chicago in 1912, between a man from the prairies and a man from Asia.  The play consists of 11 scenes, thought to represent ten rounds of a boxing match plus an epilogue, defining the duel between the two men.  Issues of capitalism, of race, of class, of sexuality, and more play out across the landscape of the work, but the prologue for the play gives specific instructions on how to navigate it:  “Don’t worry your heads about the motives for the fight,” it says. “Concentrate on the stakes.”  In this light, the play felt to me like Brecht’s version of “Fight Club“: the goal seems to have been to understand what it takes to make people feel something, and how the absence of struggle leads to a fruitless existence.

Despite the existence of the prologue, though, the play is quite difficult to digest.  As an audience, we find ourselves continually asking WHY events take place, which ends up clouding the fight itself.  If you take each scene on its own, looking at it in terms of the game being played and in terms of which man wins each round, the fight finds some clarity; if you try to look for a narrative throughline or character motivations, the piece is really difficult to comprehend.  Was this intentional, and did Brecht expect people to understand it easily?  I don’t know the answer to that.

I’m fascinated by the play’s construction and I love the themes it explores, but I can’t help but wonder how acceptable the play would be to a modern audience.  Without a firm directorial hand it would be very difficult to say anything cohesive, and this is on top of the fact that the play presents a whole host of challenges because of the 1922-Germany cultural context in which it was written, versus the context of today.  For my money, I think there are more contemporary works that deal with these themes in more approachable ways… but I’d still like to see this beast on stage some day.

Tomorrow we’ll be reading “Man Equals Man” — a play I loved on first read.  I’m looking forward to good discussion on that one.  And more singing.

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This entry is part 4 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

On the heels of the first of two nights of the Zucchini Grotto 24 x 24 cabaret, I find myself home before midnight with no reason to be up terribly late.  This week of 2AM bedtimes has finally caught up to me, and I’m fighting a cold and the impact of having run into a wall.  So while I have a great deal to say about the last two days of work in The Ark, I will keep it a little brief.

Mornings have been taken up with music rehearsals, for the most part.  We will be reading “Threepenny Opera” and “Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny” late next week, and the idea is to cover as much of the score as we can — albeit briefly — so that we can do proper service to the operas when we take a closer look at them.  I’m very excited about “Threepenny” because I’ve been asked to read Macheath, which means I’ll be trying to breathe life into some juicy song solos.  It’s quite clear that the musical holds a dear place in the heart of many of The Ark participants, and that makes the music rehearsals a great joy.

Yesterday we read “Man Equals Man” (also known as “A Man’s A Man”) and today we read “Saint Joan of the Stockyards“.  Both of these plays are uncannily relevant to the events of today, and both come from a period on Brecht’s life (around 1926 to 1929) where we was finding his own voice and form in his work.

The central plot of yesterday’s play — which I think will rapidly float its way to the top of my list of favorite plays in general — describes conversion of a simple porter into a ruthless killer through a series of events orchestrated by a group of soldiers.  The porter’s identity is gradually stripped away and replaced using totally logical means, and in a script that holds such prescience over the Milgram Experiment and the Abu Ghraib tragedy as to cause my skin to crawl, Brecht has crafted a work that spans the extremes of comedy and horror.  At one point our poor porter is forced to deliver his own funeral oration — it’s powerful stuff.  I want to see a production of this play.  Very badly.  And I bet you would, too.

“Saint Joan of the Stockyards” could have been written last year.  Get this: the story revolves around greed-driven meat packers and livestock breeders and wholesalers who artificially inflate and manipulate the market for canned meat, leading to an eventual stock market collapse, massive job losses, bank failures, and a depression.  Sounds horribly topical, and many of the ‘fake’ newspaper headlines that appear in the play seem pulled right from today’s newspapers.  The construction of the plays is fascinating because it uses classical theatre forms to destroy the form of classical theatre.  He employs rhetoric and verse, and scads of choral speaking;  I spotted more than a few allusions to Shakespeare in the play; yet he does not stick to a classical, Aristotelian style of narrative.  It was probably around the creation of this play (which came after “Threepenny Opera”) that Brecht began to form the basis of his idea of the “epic theatre“, about which he says “catharsis is not the main object: hero and spectator are not the ‘victim’”.  It’s hard to find a ‘hero’ at all in Saint Joan, and the messages in the play contradict each other intentionally and demand a response from the viewer.  And it’s easy to see why this isn’t everyone’s cup of tea: it’s an exhausting play to read because so much is happening and so many different ideas are being presented.  At its completion — especially among a group of 40 artists who have just read it — we demand discussion.  Love it.

The past two days’ plays have really begun to shake my perceptions of the “proper” form of theatre.  North American theatre today is so caught up in realism and catharsis as the preferred means of connecting with the audience.  Brecht presents a mode of presentation that allows for catharsis and realism but does not make them the end to which his means are bent.  Brecht will put characters into deeply tragic situations, and then jar you by giving you just enough extra information to keep you from forgetting you’re watching a play.  One of his favorite methods for doing this in his early work is to set the events in a foreign land where the rules of geography and culture don’t jive with what we know to be true (Shlink, in “In the Jungle of Cities” is purported to be a Chinese man who lives in a place called Yokohama and is referred to as a Malay.  One could argue that this is all a bad accident, or that it was done on purpose to keep you from buying into the story completely.  Shakespeare, it can be argued, did the same thing by setting plays in Vienna [Austria] and then giving all the characters Italian names).  Up until this week I would have cast off those kinds of things as “errors” or “laziness”: now they’re a whole world of production possibility.

As you can probably tell from the way I’m writing, my brain is full.  Tomorrow is an all-music day, which makes me happy because it’ll give me a bit more time to digest the plays we’ve read this week.  What a ride.

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This entry is part 5 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

First off, note that I didn’t write anything for Day Six.  That’s because we spent the entire day working on learning the score for “Threepenny Opera“, and aside from the fact that singing is fun and I love it, I don’t have much to say.

Today was a very information-heavy day, though; we began with a presentation from Eo Sharp on the designs for Brecht’s productions, with a focus on Casper Neher.  Brecht worked with quite a few designers during his career, but his relationship with Neher is an interesting one because the two men met in secondary school and ended up collaborating extensively throughout Brecht’s life.  There are stories of Brecht and Neher corresponding while Neher was serving in World War I: Brecht would send him copies of scripts, and Neher would respond with sketches of characters and scene representations.  Neher’s presence through the development of Brecht’s early plays (“Baal“, “Man Equals Man“, and “In The Jungle of Cities“) implies that the designer in particular was present right from the beginning of the writing process — something that doesn’t happen much today, either with new work or with new adaptations.

The knowledge of the working relationship with Neher, coupled with the knowledge that Brecht collaborated with so many others later in his career, led me and others today to wonder if Brecht ever wrote a play on his own.  It suggests that “Brecht” is more of a movement than an individual; it also attests to the power of sharing and collaboration.  It’s not unlike how we work today: since the Canadian theatre is currently obsessed with the idea of workshopping plays ad nauseum before ever producing them, it can be argued that most new work is actually the product of a playwright’s imagination plus the input of numerous actors, directors, dramaturges and (only occasionally) designers who get to see and read early drafts… even though it’s the playwright’s name that stands alone when the work is finished.

We also touched upon the Brecht design aesthetic, which really emphasized natural colors, natural fabrics, bright lighting, massive projections, projected text, exposed curtain wires and lighting fixtures, and the use of ‘selective realism’ (meaning that certain props and sparse objects would be realistic for symbolic effect, but much of the overall design would not be).  At that time — when most theatre was wrapped up in the idea of creating a realistic illusion of life on stage — the approach used was awfully radical.  It would have rattled people into being aware that they were watching a play, which was exactly what Brecht wanted, so that the audience could react to a performance instead of getting swept away by it.  Of course, these days the use of these kinds of elements makes an educated audience automatically use the word “Brechtian”: the tactics have become ingrained and, to an extent, a cliché.  If Brecht were alive today, he would surely have evolved or abandoned this style because it doesn’t have the same effect now.  It can be argued that it is therefore our job, in re-interpreting his work, to find new ways to achieve the same result.  This jives really well with Peter Brook’s thoughts in “The Open Door“, where he suggests that any theatre that begins to code and regurgitate a specific form without a meaningful connection to that form is a dead theatre.

This is a big idea.  And it’s easy for me to go from wondering how to re-interpret Brecht to wondering about the form of theatre in general, to whether or not we as theatre artists are failing audiences by failing to adapt theatrical techniques to the realities and technologies of today (I’m talkin ’bout YOU, Internet!), to whether or not my frustration with some of my recent projects lies in their dedication to status quo and not in my sense of boredom and exhaustion… but I digress.

This afternoon, we had a brief overview of the Marxist movement, and then dove into “The Mother“, which is one of Brecht’s didactic plays.  The story concerns a mother who becomes a champion of the communist movement as a result of her son’s involvement in it; it takes place in Russia between about 1905 and 1915 and outlines in an excruciatingly preachy manner how communism will save the world if we all work to educate and unite the working class, and keep striving for revolution.  Look, I’m 100% in favor of theatre that aims to teach, and I’m occasionally in favor of theatre that just comes right out and offers an idea (instead of a metaphor or allegory), but to my ears today, “The Mother” rings a little bit like one of the modern-day pseudo-documentary films like “Maxxed Out” or “Crude Awakening” — except, of course, that it’s pro-communist instead of environmentalist or anti-capitalist.  I’m not criticizing either of those films (they are also transparently didactic) but pointing out that perhaps other media can do a better job of what Brecht was doing with theatrical tools and “teaching plays” in circa-1930 Berlin.

I haven’t even touched on some insights I had today into Brecht’s influence on Peter Hinton’s directorial approaches, or on our reiteration of the true meaning of ‘alienation effect‘, and I know I’ve already written a long one … but those ideas will hopefully come up again and I can write more about them later.  Right now I need to get some sleep, because tomorrow is a day of Fear and Misery.

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This entry is part 6 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

The bulk of our day today in The Ark was spent looking at the rise of the Third Reich in Germany, and culminated with a reading of Brecht’s “Fear and Misery of the Third Reich“, which was first produced in 1938.

What is fascinating to me is how a play that spoke so openly and clearly about the horror of what was coming (the play begins with Hitler becoming Chancellor and ends with the annexation of Austria in 1938) didn’t seem to serve as an effective call to action on the part of Europe or the world (the play was a terrific theatrical success).  But the complex and gradual progression of conditions that led to the rise of the Reich make it easy to understand how people could be blind or willfully ignorant of what was really happening.  It’s very easy to recognize ourselves (meaning, people living here and now) in “Fear and Misery”.  The play’s construction, exquisite use of subtext, and style are as contemporary and naturalistic as anything being written for the modern theatre, and that really says something about Brecht.

Really: who was this guy?  Everyone in the room at the NAC is being blindsided by the diverse range of styles and structures Brecht was able to employ in his work.  It’s funny to think that most students of the theatre have an impression of what is ‘Brechtian’ based, most likely, on the feel of “Threepenny Opera” or perhaps “Mother Courage”… but the poet who wrote “Baal” is not the satirist who wrote “Man Equals Man”, who is not the pedagogue who wrote “The Mother”, who is not the realist who wrote “Fear and Misery”, who is not the master of epic theatre who wrote “Good Person of Setzuan”.  I think that what I’m getting to here is that anyone who is curious about Brecht — or who thinks he knows him already — would be well-advised to read a wider sampling of his work.

Back to “Fear and Misery”, though:  the play is comprised of 24 scenes that do not have a narrative throughline, but depict diverse aspects of life from within the realm of the master race.  Many of them are horrific and unsettling; all require us to ask ‘why?’, but do not provide answers.  You could take any of the 24 scenes and use it as a separate short play or scene study (and, in fact, that might be a terrific way to explore the work in pieces).  The themes expressed in the play — how we are affected by living in a culture of fear and oppression — are as fresh today as ever.  That thought, alone, is terrifying.  Keep in mind that Germany is a country that went from being on the verge of a communist revolution to complete totalitarianism in the space of less than a decade.  It could (and will) happen again, and I really don’t think people would react much differently than they did at that time.

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This entry is part 7 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

Another script-heavy day at The Ark today, as the gang worked through three of Brecht’s Lehrstuck plays in the morning and the David Hare adaptation of “Mother Courage and Her Children” in the afternoon.

The Lehrstuck plays — or “learning plays” — are a collection of scripts that are not intended for public performance (in fact, Brecht would not give anyone permission to perform them publicly, and due to Brecht’s will it wasn’t until the scripts became public domain that they were seen in a theatrical context).  Primarily written between 1929 and 1933, they represent theatre that Brecht created “for the producers” (actors) instead of an audience.  They’re short, highly didactic, and in many instances sound a lot like the kinds of scripts and roleplays used in modern-day schools.  Brecht, in fact, intended some of the scripts to be worked by schoolchildren, and others by troupes of actors.

Of the three Lehrstuck plays we read today, I found “The Decision” and “The Exception and The Rule” to be most fascinating.  The former is the closest thing to pure communist propaganda I’ve seen come from Brecht’s pen (aside from, perhaps, “The Mother”) that earns points because it actually depicts one agitator willingly giving up her life for the sake of preserving the integrity of the “the party”.  Yeah.  The latter is even more interesting, for though it is about as didactic as I am able to tolerate, it paints a picture of injustice and asks us to question our assumptions about right and wrong.  Brecht actually recommended that a troupe of actors should take a script like this and work with it thoroughly, rotating through different roles in order to understand all the perspectives on the story — I thought that was a neat idea; a bit like how a good debate team hones its skills by having debaters prepare arguments on both sides of any issue.  Ultimately, though, I’m glad that Brecht got back to writing plays that he intended audiences to see; I think he was just as good at “teaching” in his writing without having to be as blunt as he was with the Lehrstuck plays.

This afternoon we chewed on “Mother Courage” for a few hours.  I was quite deeply moved by the reading, and once again overwhelmed at Brecht’s ability to craft powerful theatre.  Brecht’s notes on the play highlight that the point of it, a far as he is concerned, is that Mother Courage learns nothing from her experiences of war, in spite of her own profiteering and the painful loss of all of her children.  He was reportedly disappointed with many of the productions he saw of the play, and the delicate construction of the script makes this fact easy to understand: it’s easy to make Mother Courage a “victim” or “survivor” when the reality is much more complex — she, after all, makes her living by profiting from the wars that repeatedly hurt her.  Brecht thrashes the audience from one extreme of emotion to the other in the space of a few lines, and I think that any production that fails to mine and trust those shifts risks veering into sentimentality, which would make Brecht spin in his grave.

Between “Fear and Misery of the Third Reich” and “Mother Courage” — both written around 1938 — I can’t help but feel that Brecht was, as Kattrin does near the end of “Courage”, standing on a rooftop banging a drum loudly to warn the nearby town of impending war.  How terrible it must have been for Brecht and his colleagues to articulate such clear warnings of what was to come in World War II, only to see it all come to pass anyway.  My mind boggles.

Peter Hinton told us today, by the way, that Brecht saw Ethel Merman perform during his time in the States, and decided that she was Mother Courage.  Imagine what that production would have been like.  The story, as recounted by Shelley Winters in her autobiography, recounts that he managed to get a meeting with Merman in order to pitch the idea… Miss Ethel apparently responded that “the Merm doesn’t pull no cart.”  Love it.

Tomorrow: more music, and “The Good Woman of Szechuan”!

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The Ark, Day 10: Tuning

November 20, 2008 · View Comments

This entry is part 8 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

We will be reading “Threepenny Opera” and “The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny” in the middle of next week, and so many days of The Ark begin with music rehearsal so that we’ll be prepared.  Today and tomorrow we are reviewing the score for “Threepenny”.

Listen: Peter Hinton can be a lovely, giving, wonderful person.  But he also likes people to give 100% whenever possible.  When he is focused and passionate about something, he can be intense in a manner that I find a little intimidating.  And he is focused and passionate about “Threepenny Opera”.  I know this because he has the Willett-translated lyrics for “The Jealousy Duet” locked into his head and can recite them at a moment’s notice. So I am more than a little nervous about reading and singing the role of Macheath next week, even though it’s just a reading for ourselves.

I have all of my solos recorded for me and have been working on them, but my ear is not exceptionally fine when it comes to tuning: I can practice a melody and think I’ve got it right, only to discover (as I did today) that I’m coming up short on intervals (as I know I often do) and turning (for example) an A-flat into an A.  This is a source of some stress, because these are not issues I can correct if I’m working on my own and don’t hear them. Compound this with the fact that I would like to be able to match the music with a characterization of some kind, and brother I have some work cut out for me.  I don’t want to be yelled at, even if it is just meant to be helpful-because-I’m-really-focused-and-passionate yelling.  I can take as much time as I need to practice, really, but what I’m missing is someone to drill me on tricky notes and phrases and intervals.  Weill, by the way, loves writing tricky note and intervals and phrases.  Bastard.

It’s funny to think I’m not as confident a singer as I am an actor, considering I came at my artistic career from the music side first.  And I know I’ll get through it, but I need to put the anxiety on the table.  ‘Cuz it’s bothering me.

The bulk of this afternoon was spent reading “The Good Person of Szechuan“, which we finished right at the end of the day.  This bummed me out a bit because it left us no time to discuss the play, and the one thing that is consistent with Brecht’s work is that it makes people want to talk.  The play shows us the world of a woman whose desire to do good seems to cost her a great deal (people always take advantage of her), and how she balances it by pretending to be another person who acts far more selfishly.  The central conundrum, for me, is summed up in one of Shen Te’s final speeches (this is from Tony Kushner‘s adaptation):

Don’t know how it happened: to be good to others
And to myself was impossible for me,
To help others, and myself, was too hard.

Where could I find everything that was needed? Only
From out of myself!  But in doing good, I died!
The burden was too much, it buried me alive.
Then when I did evil, I was respected, feared, I
Ate very well.  Something is wrong with your world.

The play ends with three gods joyfully ascending to the heavens insisting that she be good, with her in despair on the ground, asking in despair for help with the strength to do just that.  The juxtaposition is heartbreaking.

Nothing like a small idea to wrap up the afternoon, especially with no time to discuss it.

One thing that I can clearly say about this play (and I know I will say about “Caucasian Chalk Circle” tomorrow) is that I needed to hear it out loud in order to properly grasp the size and scope of it; perhaps even to comprehend it.  This morning — after only ever having read “Szechuan” to myself — I was confused about why Brecht fans love it so much.  Now the brilliance of it is clear to me, just as it is clear that I can’t communicate the joy of that discovery here.  How lucky we are to have an opportunity like this to lift these plays off the page (even if there’s hardly any rehearsal beforehand) instead of being left to read them on our own…

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This entry is part 9 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

My plans to write something about The Ark every day have begun to fall by the wayside, but in my defense I blame this on a combination of a lack of compelling new things to say AND a creeping sense of fatigue that comes from being steeped in so much new material.

I think I left off late last week as we had started to read the “quadrilogy of Brecht masterpieces”: Caucasian Chalk Circle, Good Person of Szechuan, Mother Courage, and Life of Galileo.  Having now read all of them, I can say that I would put two or three of those in the masterpiece category, but not all four.  I still think Fear and Misery of the Third Reich, Man Equals Man, and In The Jungle of Cities are just as good (if not better).

Caucasian Chalk Circle is one of those plays that I’ve heard about constantly but have never read.  Now would be a good time to admit in public that I’ve never seen “Anne of Green Gables” from beginning to end, or most episodes of “Seinfeld”, but I have learned that if I smile and nod confidently when these works are being discussed, I can bluff with the best of them.  I always thought the word “Caucasian” was some kind of Aryan reference, and assumed that the play was some sort of response to Nazi propaganda.  Not so, dear reader!  The play is an adaptation of an ancient Japanese story of ‘the chalk circle’, reset in the Caucasus region shortly after the Nazis were forced out of the region in World War II.  In fact, Brecht added the opening Caucasus valley scene as a prologue to the play in order to clarify it: he was bothered that people thought the play was in the realm of ‘fantasy’ when he had, in fact, tried to give it an accurate historical and geographical setting.  The central coflict of the play revolves around the search for and fight over a young child of great value, who is being sheltered and raised by a woman who is not his mother.  I won’t say much about it, other than that I regret having bluffed for so long.  Unlike “Seinfeld”, “Caucasian Chalk Circle” is about something.  And the scenes with Azdak — the district judge — are high comedy of epic proportion and way more funny than anything in “Anne of Green Gables”. Or so I’ve heard.

On Saturday we read another adaptation of Mother Courage, as adapted by Peter Hinton.  Read into that what you will; I certainly have, because making inferences is fun.  This new adaptation is still very much in-progress, but is likely far closer to Brecht’s original intention that the David Hare adaptation we read last week. I don’t suppose you can really call this new version a ‘translation’, since it is based on a survey of seven or so other translations and adaptations, in addition to a literal German translation, illuminated by language that resonates in a Canadian context. It never ceases to amaze me, though, how much work can be put into a project like this.  It is careful and painstaking, but I think it’s paying off.

Yesterday we plowed through The Life of Galileo, a play about which I feel quite conflicted.  The Ark team is quite divided on their passion for it: I’m in the “don’t-love-it” camp, but feel the problem is really with the verbose nature of the script and not in its subject matter.  As you may guess from the title, the play is Brecht’s take on Galileo’s life, roughly from the time of his adoption of the telescope to the “house arrest” he lived under subsequent to his appearance before the Roman Inquisition.  The play exists in a few different versions because it was reworked several times; we read the version that was published just before Brecht’s appearance before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1947.  The central theme is purported to be about the cost and risk associated for speaking out about things you believe (in this case, the eradication of the notion that the Earth is the centre of the universe and that everything revolves around it).  There are great debates in the play on the topics of religion versus science, the empowerment of the individual by making knowledge freely available, and the desire to cling to a truth under pressure… but in my mind the play relies too much on broad-stroke rhetoric and long-winded preachy speeches to be as effective as it could be.  In short, brother needed an EDITOR.  Brecht was preparing a new production of the play just before his death in 1956; I would love to have a look at the script of that production to see if Brecht edited it down.

Finally, today we had our reading of “Threepenny Opera“.  After plowing thorugh the thickness of the last few plays, it was actually a little refreshing to go back to something a bit more straightforward.  I think I managed a fair enough job of singing Macheath, given the VERY limited amount of prep time; overall, the reading went off terrifically well and the combination of songs and script provide a reasonable approximation of what a production might feel like.  That sounds a little glib, perhaps, but someone pointed out after the reading that while music played such a massive role in Brecht’s work, we have (for the most part) just been reciting lyrics for songs that appear in other plays.  So much more is brought to the table with the Weill/Eisler/Dessau scores, and I wish we had more time to look at those!

Tomorrow we’ll be reading “The Rise And Fall of Mahagonny” to the best of our ability.  That means we’ll be reciting a lot of the lyrics instead of singing them, since the opera is actually very difficult, and too hard to read through given the range of artists in the room.  We’ll put a few of the songs in, but that’s all we can manage.  It’s a bit of a bummer, but it means the reading won’t take all day, and we’ll have a chance to do some other things, like listening to Brecht’s 1947 testimony before HUAC! Whee!

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This entry is part 10 of 11 in the series Ark 2008

For the first part of the day at The Ark today, we listened to Brecht’s testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee.  It appears as though Brecht was called before the committee because of his perceived association with Gerhart Eisler (Hanns Eisler’s brother), who was an active member of the communist party in Germany during the Weimar Republic.  For the better part of an hour, the committee tries to connect Brecht to the communist party in the States, initially through his possible meetings with known communists and then through dissections of text from “The Mother” and “The Measures Taken”.  Brecht is infallible throughout, neither caving in to the leading questions posed by the panel, nor railing against the committee’s methods.  He answers questions deftly (my favorite response was “I’m quite certain that I have an opinion,” or something to that effect), and then leads the panel down a rabbit-hole by nit-picking over the finer points of translation from German to English.  The panel did not allow Brecht to read his prepared statement; they deemed it irrelevant, even though Brecht used it to describe the regime under which he was working in Germany, and to frame his work as that of an artist who longs to ignite discussion on important issues.  There were a few points raised in it, though, that I think are relevant to us now (and I apologize for removing them from context):

…At the beginning, only a very few people were capable of seeing the connection between the reactionary restrictions in the field of culture and the ultimate assaults upon the physical life of a people itself…

…The ideas about how to make use of the new capabilities of production have not been developed much since the days when the horse had to do what man could not do. Do you not think that, in such a predicament, every new idea should be examined carefully and freely? Art can present clearly and even make nobler such ideas.

This afternoon we read through “The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny“.  It was a difficult exercise, because “Mahagonny” is an opera with music by Weill, and it is quite difficult to sing.  We did four songs from the opera — the easiest four — and otherwise just read the libretto aloud.  While it was enough for us to be able to discuss some of the themes of the work, it felt a bit like trying to get a feel for an action film by listening to the audio track.  We’re not a bad bunch of singers, by any stretch: this is just a tough score, and not something you can whip out with only a few hours rehearsal.  There is a DVD available for a 1997 LA Opera production that I would really love to see in its entirety, but there are a few clips on YouTube here (this is an easier song that you may recognize as one covered by The Doors) and here (this clip better reflects the complexity of the score).

All that being said, “Mahagonny” strikes me as a work that was very much ahead of its time.  The only reason it seems to get done now is because opera companies are open to mounting it; it was banned by the Nazis in 1933 after first being presented in 1930.  Brecht and Weill set it in a surreal version of America, and depicted a city, founded by criminals, where pleasure and consumption are ruthlessly pursued and the almighty dollar rules everything.  Since it was completed subsequent to the big stock market collapse of 1929 and under the weight of the looming Depression, the subject matter is astoundingly pertinent and relevant now.  In 1927 Weill wrote to his music publisher about it: “The piece we are going to create won’t exploit topical themes, which will be dated in a year, but rather will reflect the true tenor of our times. For that reason it will have an impact far beyond its own age.”  From the footage of the LA Opera production and the style of the score, you could easily be fooled into thinking the opera is a new work that skewers the excesses of capitalism.  The opera is a dense work and one that I wish we had more time to explore.  Someone in the group is going to try to remember to loan me her copy of the DVD so I can take a proper look at it.

With the read of Mahagonny, we have now been through all of the Brecht work that we’ll be exploring for The Ark.  Tomorrow is reserved for listening to Weill and Eisler music, and the afternoon has been set aside for general discussion on the past couple of weeks and what we’ve taken from the project so far.  After that, we’ll start to prepare for Saturday night’s presentation, for which I understand tickets are still available!

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